Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'kidney'

English Word: kidney

Key Russian Translations:

• почка [ˈpoʧkə] - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific discussions but not everyday casual conversation).

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1/B2 level, as it involves anatomical vocabulary and basic medical terminology).

Pronunciation (Russian):

почка: [ˈpoʧkə]

Note on почка: The stress falls on the first syllable. The "ч" sound is a palatalized "ch" as in "church," which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft, rolled "r" if possible.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical organ (The kidney as a part of the human or animal body)

Translation(s) & Context:

• почка - Used primarily in medical, biological, or everyday health-related contexts, such as describing symptoms or in anatomy lessons.

Usage Examples:

• У меня болит почка после вчерашней тренировки.

  My kidney hurts after yesterday's workout. (This example shows the noun in a singular, nominative case in a personal health context.)

• Почки человека фильтруют кровь от токсинов.

  The kidneys of a human filter blood from toxins. (Demonstrates plural form in a scientific explanation.)

• Врачи диагностировали проблемы с почкой у пациента.

  Doctors diagnosed problems with the kidney in the patient. (Illustrates use in a formal medical setting.)

• Еда, богатая калием, полезна для почек.

  Food rich in potassium is beneficial for the kidneys. (Shows the word in a genitive context related to health advice.)

• Трансплантация почки спасла ему жизнь.

  A kidney transplant saved his life. (Highlights use in a narrative about medical procedures.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Почка" is a feminine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows standard noun inflection patterns for gender, number, and case. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The word is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Ренальный орган (More technical, used in advanced medical contexts; implies the same anatomical function but with a Latin-derived term).
  • Фильтрационный орган (Descriptive synonym emphasizing function, less common in everyday use).
• Antonyms: Not applicable, as "почка" is a specific anatomical term without direct opposites.

Related Phrases:

• Почечная недостаточность - Kidney failure; used in medical diagnoses to describe organ dysfunction.
• Трансплантация почки - Kidney transplant; refers to surgical procedures in healthcare contexts.
• Болезни почек - Kidney diseases; common in discussions about health and wellness.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "почка" directly corresponds to the English "kidney" as an anatomical term and is used in formal and medical settings. It is always feminine and requires agreement in gender, number, and case with adjectives or verbs (e.g., "больная почка" for "sick kidney"). Be cautious with context: in non-medical conversations, it might be confused with "kidney bean" (which is "фасоль почечная"), so specify if needed. When choosing between translations, "почка" is the most precise and common; use alternatives like "ренальный орган" only in highly technical writing.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the wrong case, e.g., saying "болит почка" incorrectly in a prepositional context. Correct: In sentences like "Я думаю о почке" (I think about the kidney), it should be "о почке" (prepositional case). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so English speakers often forget to decline nouns properly.

• Error: Confusing singular and plural forms, e.g., using "почка" when referring to both kidneys. Correct: Use "почки" for plural. Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings in medical descriptions; always check the number for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

"Почка" as a term doesn't carry significant cultural or historical connotations in Russian beyond its medical use. However, in Russian literature and folklore, discussions of internal organs like the kidney might appear in metaphors for health or survival, reflecting a broader cultural emphasis on resilience in the face of physical hardships, as seen in works by authors like Tolstoy.

Related Concepts:

• сердце (heart)
• печень (liver)
• легкие (lungs)