Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'glandular'

English Word: glandular

Key Russian Translations:

• железистый [ʐɨˈlʲezʲɪstɨj] - [Formal, Medical/Biological context]

Frequency: Medium (Primarily used in specialized fields like medicine and biology; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and basic Russian adjective declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

железистый: [ʐɨˈlʲezʲɪstɨj]

Note on железистый: The stress is on the third syllable ('ze-'). Be cautious with the soft 'л' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to or resembling glands (e.g., in a biological or medical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• железистый - Used in formal, scientific, or medical discussions to describe structures or tissues associated with glands.

Usage Examples:

• Эта ткань имеет железистый характер, что делает её важной для эндокринной системы.

  This tissue has a glandular nature, making it important for the endocrine system.

• В гистологии часто изучают железистые клетки для понимания заболеваний.

  In histology, glandular cells are often studied to understand diseases.

• Железистый отросток в этом органе отвечает за секрецию гормонов.

  The glandular appendage in this organ is responsible for hormone secretion.

• Патолог обнаружил железистые изменения в образце ткани пациента.

  The pathologist found glandular changes in the patient's tissue sample.

• Железистые структуры в растениях помогают в транспортировке питательных веществ.

  Glandular structures in plants help in transporting nutrients.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Железистый" is an adjective in Russian, and like most adjectives, it follows the standard pattern of declension based on gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective, so it changes endings according to the noun it modifies. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гландулярный (more directly borrowed from English, used in highly technical contexts; implies a more precise, anatomical sense)
  • секреторный (focuses on secretory functions, often interchangeable in biological contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • нежелезистый (non-glandular, used to describe structures without glandular properties)
  • экзокринный (if contrasting with endocrine glands, but context-dependent)

Related Phrases:

• Железистая ткань - Glandular tissue (refers to tissue composed of glands, common in anatomical descriptions).
• Железистые клетки - Glandular cells (used in histology to discuss cells that produce secretions).
• Железистый рак - Glandular cancer (a type of cancer originating in glandular tissue, often in medical reports).

Usage Notes:

"Железистый" is a technical term primarily used in medical, biological, or scientific contexts, directly corresponding to the English "glandular" in its descriptive sense. It is formal and not suitable for casual conversation. When using it, ensure proper adjective agreement with the noun it modifies (e.g., gender, number, case). For English speakers, note that Russian adjectives like this one must always agree, which differs from English usage. If multiple translations are available, choose "железистый" for general purposes, but opt for "гландулярный" in highly specialized texts to maintain precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., using "железистый" with a feminine noun without changing it to "железистая". Correct: Instead of saying "железистый клетка" (wrong), say "железистая клетка". This mistake often stems from treating Russian adjectives like English ones, which don't require agreement.

• Error: Mispronouncing the word by stressing the wrong syllable, e.g., saying [ʐɨlʲezʲɪˈstɨj] instead of [ʐɨˈlʲezʲɪstɨj]. Correct: Practice the correct IPA and listen to native audio to avoid altering the word's meaning or sounding unnatural.

• Error: Confusing it with similar words like "железный" (meaning "iron" or "made of iron"). Correct: Use "железистый" only for glandular contexts to prevent semantic errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical and scientific literature, terms like "железистый" reflect the influence of Western anatomy and biology, often derived from Latin roots similar to English. While not carrying specific cultural connotations, it underscores Russia's emphasis on scientific education and healthcare, where such vocabulary is prevalent in professional settings.

Related Concepts:

• эндокринный (endocrine)
• экзокринный (exocrine)
• секреторный (secretory)