Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fracture'

English Word: fracture

Key Russian Translations:

• перелом /pʲɪrʲɪˈɫom/ - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: High (Commonly used in everyday medical discussions and literature)

Difficulty: A2 (Basic level, suitable for beginners learning medical vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

перелом: /pʲɪrʲɪˈɫom/

Note on перелом: The stress is on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A break or crack in a bone, typically due to injury.

Translation(s) & Context:

• перелом - Used in formal medical contexts, such as describing injuries in hospitals or reports.

Usage Examples:

• У него был перелом ноги после падения с велосипеда.

  He had a fracture in his leg after falling off the bicycle.

• Врачи диагностировали перелом запястья у ребенка.

  The doctors diagnosed a fracture in the child's wrist.

• Перелом бедра может потребовать хирургического вмешательства.

  A hip fracture may require surgical intervention.

• Из-за перелома руки она не смогла играть в теннис несколько месяцев.

  Due to the arm fracture, she couldn't play tennis for several months.

• Своевременное лечение перелома предотвращает осложнения.

  Timely treatment of a fracture prevents complications.

2. Figurative use: A break or disruption in something abstract, like a relationship or structure (less common in Russian).

Translation(s) & Context:

• перелом - Rarely used figuratively; more common in literal medical senses, but can appear in metaphorical contexts in literature.

Usage Examples:

• Этот инцидент стал переломом в их дружбе.

  This incident became a fracture in their friendship.

• Перелом в переговорах привел к новому соглашению.

  The fracture in negotiations led to a new agreement.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Перелом" is a masculine noun in Russian, following the standard third declension pattern. It inflects based on case and number, which is typical for Russian nouns.

Note: The plural forms are used for multiple fractures, and inflections are regular, making it straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • слом (slom) - More general, often used for breaking objects; subtle difference in implying less severity than перелом.
  • трещина (treschina) - Specifically for cracks, applicable in non-bone contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • целостность (tselostnost') - Integrity or wholeness.
  • невредимость (nevr̃edimost') - Unharmed state, emphasizing absence of damage.

Related Phrases:

• Закрытый перелом (zakrytyi perelom) - Closed fracture; refers to a break that doesn't pierce the skin.
• Открытый перелом (otkrytyi perelom) - Open fracture; involves the bone piercing the skin, often requiring immediate medical attention.
• Перелом шейки бедра (perelom sheiki bedra) - Hip fracture; common in elderly patients, with cultural implications in healthcare discussions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "перелом" directly corresponds to the English "fracture" in medical contexts, but it's primarily used formally in healthcare settings. English speakers should note that Russian often requires the appropriate case for grammatical agreement, such as in prepositional phrases (e.g., "в переломе" for "in the fracture"). When choosing between translations like "слом" and "перелом," opt for "перелом" for bone-related injuries to maintain precision. It's neutral in terms of register but avoids slang in professional scenarios.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "перелом" with "слом" and using it for non-medical breaks, e.g., saying "слом ноги" instead of "перелом ноги" for a bone injury.

  Correct: Use "перелом" specifically for fractures. Incorrect example: "Слом руки" (implies a general break); Correct example: "Перелом руки" with proper inflection in sentences.

  Explanation: "Слом" is less specific and can lead to misunderstandings in medical contexts.

• Error: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative "перелом" in a genitive context like "причина перелом" instead of "причина перелома."

  Correct: Always adjust for case, as in "причина перелома" (the cause of the fracture).

  Explanation: Russian grammar requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook, leading to grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "перелом" are frequently discussed in the context of healthcare access, which has historical ties to the Soviet-era medical system. For instance, hip fractures ("перелом шейки бедра") are a common concern among the elderly, reflecting broader societal issues like aging populations and rural healthcare challenges.

Related Concepts:

• травма (travma)
• диагноз (diagnos)
• реабилитация (reabilitatsiya)