Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'forecast'

English Word: forecast

Key Russian Translations:

• прогноз [prɐˈɡnoz] - [Neutral, commonly used in formal and informal contexts for predictions]
• предсказание [prʲɪd.skɐˈza.nʲɪ.jə] - [Informal, often used for general or mystical predictions]
• прогнозирование [prɐɡ.nɐ.zʲɪˈrɐ.və.nʲɪ.jə] - [Formal, technical contexts like business or scientific forecasting]

Frequency: Medium (The word 'прогноз' is commonly encountered in everyday media, weather reports, and professional discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; for 'прогноз', it's straightforward for learners at this level, but 'предсказание' and 'прогнозирование' may require B2 due to nuanced usage and inflections.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

прогноз: [prɐˈɡnoz]

предсказание: [prʲɪd.skɐˈza.nʲɪ.jə]

прогнозирование: [prɐɡ.nɐ.zʲɪˈrɐ.və.nʲɪ.jə]

Note on прогноз: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the 'г' sound, which is a voiced velar fricative, similar to the 'g' in "go" but softer in Russian.

Note on предсказание: This word has a soft 'нʲ' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers; practice the palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Weather Prediction (e.g., predicting future weather conditions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• прогноз погоды - Used in everyday contexts like news reports or apps for weather forecasting.

Usage Examples:

• Согласно прогнозу погоды, завтра будет дождь.

  According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.

• Я всегда проверяю прогноз погоды перед поездкой.

  I always check the weather forecast before a trip.

• Этот сайт предоставляет точный прогноз погоды на неделю.

  This website provides an accurate weather forecast for the week.

• Прогноз погоды изменился из-за приближающегося циклона.

  The weather forecast has changed due to the approaching cyclone.

Meaning 2: General Prediction (e.g., economic or future events)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предсказание - Used in informal or casual contexts, like personal opinions or superstitions.
• прогнозирование - Applied in formal, professional settings such as business meetings or scientific reports.

Usage Examples:

• Его предсказание о кризисе сбылось через год.

  His prediction about the crisis came true a year later.

• Прогнозирование экономики требует анализа многих факторов.

  Forecasting the economy requires analyzing many factors.

• Астрологическое предсказание не всегда точное, но интересное.

  Astrological predictions aren't always accurate, but they're interesting.

• В своем докладе он сделал прогноз о росте инфляции.

  In his report, he made a forecast about inflation growth.

• Прогнозирование погоды и экономики — это разные науки.

  Forecasting weather and the economy are different sciences.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Прогноз' is a masculine noun (3rd declension) and follows standard Russian noun inflections. It is relatively regular but changes based on case and number.

For 'предсказание' (neuter noun): It follows a similar pattern but is invariable in plural forms in some contexts. No major irregularities.

For 'прогнозирование' (neuter verbal noun): It is less inflected and often used in its base form, but can take standard endings like 'прогнозированием' (instrumental).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предсказание (more casual, often implies uncertainty)
  • прогноз (neutral and precise)
  • пророчество (formal, with a prophetic connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • факт (fact; used when something is certain, contrasting with a prediction)
  • реальность (reality; emphasizes actual outcomes over forecasts)

Related Phrases:

• прогноз погоды - A common phrase for weather forecast; used in daily life for checking upcoming conditions.
• экономический прогноз - Economic forecast; typically in business or financial contexts.
• долгосрочное предсказание - Long-term prediction; implies extended forecasting, like in climate change discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Прогноз' directly corresponds to 'forecast' in neutral contexts, especially for weather, and is the most versatile choice. Use 'предсказание' for informal or speculative predictions to avoid sounding too technical. In formal writing, 'прогнозирование' is preferred for processes involving analysis. Be mindful of gender agreement in sentences, as 'прогноз' is masculine. For example, choose between translations based on context: opt for 'прогноз' in scientific reports and 'предсказание' in casual conversations.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'прогноз' with 'предсказание' and use them interchangeably, but 'предсказание' can imply mysticism (e.g., saying "Это предсказание погоды" instead of "Это прогноз погоды" for a weather report, which sounds odd). Correct usage: Use 'прогноз погоды' for factual forecasts.

• Misinflecting nouns, such as using 'прогноза' (genitive) incorrectly in nominative contexts (e.g., "Прогноза будет дождь" instead of "Прогноз будет дождь"). Explanation: Always match the case; here, nominative is needed.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, weather forecasts ('прогноз погоды') are a staple of daily media, often tied to seasonal traditions like preparing for harsh winters. The word 'предсказание' can carry a cultural nuance from folklore, where predictions might involve superstitions or historical prophecies, reflecting Russia's rich literary heritage in authors like Pushkin.

Related Concepts:

• метеорология (meteorology)
• экономика (economics)
• анализ (analysis)