Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'farm'

English Word: farm

Key Russian Translations:

• ферма [ˈfʲɛrmə] - [Formal, commonly used in agricultural contexts]
• хутор [ˈxutər] - [Informal, often for smaller, traditional farms; Plural: хутора]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in discussions about agriculture, rural life, or economics, but not in everyday casual conversation).

Difficulty: A2 (Basic level; suitable for beginners, as it involves straightforward vocabulary with simple inflections).

Pronunciation (Russian):

ферма: [ˈfʲɛrmə]

хутор: [ˈxutər]

Note on ферма: The initial 'ф' is pronounced as a voiceless labiodental fricative, similar to 'f' in English "farm." Stress on the first syllable; be mindful of the soft 'р' sound in some regional accents.

Note on хутор: The 'х' is a voiceless velar fricative, like the 'ch' in Scottish "loch." Stress on the first syllable, with variations in rural dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A piece of land used for growing crops or raising animals (noun, primary sense).

Translation(s) & Context:

• ферма - Used in formal or modern contexts, such as agricultural businesses or large-scale farming.
• хутор - Used for smaller, traditional or historical farms, often in rural or literary contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Мы посетили старую ферму в деревне, где выращивают овощи и разводят коров.

  We visited an old farm in the village where they grow vegetables and raise cows.

• На хуторе семья живет автономно, занимаясь натуральным хозяйством.

  On the small farm, the family lives self-sufficiently, engaging in subsistence farming.

• Ферма оснащена современным оборудованием для автоматизированного ухода за скотом.

  The farm is equipped with modern machinery for automated livestock care.

• Весной на хуторе всегда много работы: посадка семян и ремонт построек.

  In spring on the small farm, there's always a lot of work: planting seeds and repairing buildings.

• Эта ферма производит экологически чистые продукты для местного рынка.

  This farm produces organic products for the local market.

Meaning 2: As a verb, to cultivate land (less common, but possible in extended senses).

Translation(s) & Context:

• возделывать [vɐzdʲɪˈlʲivatʲ] - Used in formal or literary contexts for systematic farming or cultivation.

Usage Examples:

• Они возделывают землю на своей ферме уже несколько поколений.

  They have been farming the land on their farm for several generations.

• В регионе многие фермеры возделывают пшеницу для экспорта.

  In the region, many farmers cultivate wheat for export.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For ферма (feminine noun, 1st declension):

This noun follows standard Russian feminine noun patterns with regular inflections. It changes by case and number.

For хутор (masculine noun, 2nd declension):

This noun has regular inflections similar to other masculine nouns.

For возделывать (verb, imperfective):

This is a regular verb that conjugates based on tense, aspect, and person. It has imperfective and perfective forms (e.g., perfective: возделать).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сельскохозяйственное предприятие (more formal, emphasizes business aspect)
  • поголовье (specifically for livestock farms)
• Antonyms:
  • город (city, contrasting rural settings)
  • промышленность (industry, for non-agricultural contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Семейная ферма - A family-run farm; refers to small-scale, hereditary agricultural operations.
• Молочная ферма - A dairy farm; used for farms specializing in milk production.
• Экологическая ферма - An organic farm; highlights sustainable and eco-friendly practices.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, ферма directly corresponds to the English "farm" in modern contexts, especially for large-scale operations, while хутор is more archaic and evokes traditional rural life. Use ферма in formal writing or business discussions, and хутор in literary or historical contexts. Be aware of case changes when describing ownership or location (e.g., "на ферме" for "on the farm"). For verb forms like возделывать, it's aspectually imperfective, so pair it with ongoing actions; choose based on context to match English nuances.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using ферма interchangeably with хутор without considering context. For example, an English speaker might say "хутор" for a modern farm, but it's incorrect as хутор implies a smaller, traditional setup.

  Correct: Используйте ферму для современной фермы. (Use ферму for a modern farm.)

  Explanation: This confuses historical and contemporary meanings, leading to misunderstandings in communication.

• Error: Forgetting inflections, e.g., saying "в ферма" instead of "в ферме."

  Correct: в ферме (in the farm).

  Explanation: Russian requires prepositional case, so always adjust the noun ending based on the preposition used.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like хутор carry historical connotations from the 19th-century rural life depicted in literature by authors like Tolstoy, symbolizing self-sufficiency and connection to the land. Modern ферма reflects post-Soviet agricultural reforms, often involving state or collective farming, which highlights Russia's vast rural heritage and ongoing shifts toward sustainable practices.

Related Concepts:

• фермер
• сельское хозяйство
• урожай