Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exude'

English Word: exude

Key Russian Translations:

• Излучать /ɪz.lʊˈt͡ɕætʲ/ - [Formal, used for abstract qualities like emotions or confidence]
• Испускать /ɪs.pʊˈskatʲ/ - [Formal, used for physical emissions like liquids or gases]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in literature and everyday conversation, but not as frequent as basic verbs)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage; for 'Излучать', B2; for 'Испускать', B1 if literal)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Излучать: /ɪz.lʊˈt͡ɕætʲ/

Note on Излучать: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'т' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers as it's similar to 'ch' in 'church'.

Испускать: /ɪs.pʊˈskatʲ/

Note on Испускать: Stress on the third syllable; the 'с' is pronounced as 's' in 'see', and the final 'ть' is a soft 't' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To discharge or give off slowly and steadily, often referring to liquids or substances (e.g., exude sweat).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Испускать - In contexts involving physical emission, such as from pores or surfaces, in scientific or everyday descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Кожа испускала пот под палящим солнцем.

  The skin exuded sweat under the scorching sun.

• Дерево испускало смолу, привлекая насекомых.

  The tree exuded resin, attracting insects.

• Рана испускала жидкость, указывая на инфекцию.

  The wound exuded fluid, indicating an infection.

• Цветок испускал аромат, наполняя комнату свежестью.

  The flower exuded a scent, filling the room with freshness.

Meaning 2: To display or emanate conspicuously, often referring to qualities like confidence or charm (e.g., exude confidence).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Излучать - In metaphorical contexts, such as emotions, in formal writing, speeches, or descriptions of personality.

Usage Examples:

• Она излучала уверенность во время презентации.

  She exuded confidence during the presentation.

• Лидер излучал харизму, вдохновляя команду.

  The leader exuded charisma, inspiring the team.

• Город излучал энергию и динамизм поздней ночью.

  The city exuded energy and dynamism late at night.

• Картина излучала спокойствие, успокаивая зрителей.

  The painting exuded tranquility, calming the viewers.

• Он излучал энтузиазм, заражая всех вокруг.

  He exuded enthusiasm, infecting everyone around him.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Излучать' and 'Испускать' are imperfective verbs in Russian, which means they describe ongoing or repeated actions. They follow standard first conjugation patterns for Russian verbs.

For 'Излучать' (to exude abstract qualities):

For 'Испускать' (to exude physically):

These verbs are regular and do not have irregular inflections, but they can form perfective aspects like 'излучить' or 'испустить' for completed actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Излучать: Истощать (istoshchat' - to emanate), Проявлять (proyavlyat' - to display)
  • Испускать: Выделять (vydelyat' - to secrete), Отделять (otdeliat' - to release)
• Antonyms: Сдерживать (sderzhivat' - to restrain), Подавлять (podavlyat' - to suppress)

Related Phrases:

• Излучать тепло - To exude warmth (refers to emotional or physical warmth in a comforting context).
• Испускать пар - To exude steam (commonly used in descriptions of hot objects or processes).
• Излучать позитив - To exude positivity (in motivational or psychological contexts).

Usage Notes:

'Exude' often translates to 'Излучать' for non-physical qualities and 'Испускать' for physical ones. Choose based on context: use 'Излучать' in metaphorical scenarios like personality traits, and 'Испускать' for literal emissions. Be mindful of formal register, as both are more common in written Russian. Grammatically, these verbs require agreement with the subject in person and number.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'Излучать' with 'Излучить': Learners might use the perfective 'Излучить' incorrectly for ongoing actions. Error: "Я излучил уверенность" (implies a completed action). Correct: "Я излучаю уверенность" for present ongoing.
• Misapplying to physical contexts: Using 'Излучать' for liquids, e.g., "Кожа излучает пот" instead of "Кожа испускает пот". This can sound unnatural; stick to 'Испускать' for physical excretions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, verbs like 'Излучать' are often used in literature and media to describe charismatic figures, such as in classic novels where characters 'exude' moral strength, reflecting themes of resilience in Russian history and folklore.

Related Concepts:

• Аура (aura)
• Энергия (energy)
• Выделение (secretion)