Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expel'

English Word: expel

Key Russian Translations:

• выгнать [vɨˈɡnatʲ] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday contexts like home or school]
• изгнать [ɪzˈɡnatʲ] - [Formal, often in historical or official contexts]
• исключить [ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, specifically for expelling from an organization, school, or group]

Frequency: Medium (This verb and its variants appear regularly in literature, news, and everyday conversation, particularly in educational or political contexts.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; involves understanding verb conjugations and context-specific usage. For 'выгнать', it's slightly easier for beginners, while 'изгнать' and 'исключить' may require intermediate grasp of formal language.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выгнать: [vɨˈɡnatʲ]

Note on выгнать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('ɡnatʲ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'тʲ' sound. Practice with native audio for accurate palatalization.

изгнать: [ɪzˈɡnatʲ]

Note on изгнать: Similar to выгнать, but with a harder 'з' sound; the stress is also on the second syllable, and it's often pronounced more emphatically in formal settings.

исключить: [ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲɪtʲ]

Note on исключить: The 'чʲ' is a soft palatal fricative; English speakers might confuse it with 'ch' in 'church'. Focus on the vowel shifts in conjugation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To force someone or something to leave a place, especially officially (e.g., from a school, country, or home).

Translation(s) & Context:

• выгнать - Used in informal or domestic contexts, such as expelling a person from a private space; implies a sudden or emotional action.
• изгнать - Applied in formal or historical contexts, like exiling from a country; carries a sense of permanence or severity.
• исключить - Common in institutional settings, such as expelling a student from school; focuses on removal from membership or participation.

Usage Examples:

• Директор выгнал ученика из класса за плохое поведение.

  The principal expelled the student from the class for bad behavior.

• Правительство изгнало оппозиционных лидеров из страны во время кризиса.

  The government expelled opposition leaders from the country during the crisis.

• Комитет исключил члена из организации из-за нарушения правил.

  The committee expelled a member from the organization for breaking the rules.

• Хозяин выгнал кота из кухни, чтобы избежать беспорядка.

  The owner expelled the cat from the kitchen to avoid a mess.

2. To remove or discharge something, such as air or waste (less common, metaphorical usage).

Translation(s) & Context:

• выгнать - In metaphorical senses, like expelling air from a tire; informal and practical.
• исключить - Rarely used, but could imply exclusion in a process, e.g., expelling impurities.

Usage Examples:

• Механик выгнал воздух из шины перед ремонтом.

  The mechanic expelled the air from the tire before repairing it.

• Врачи исключили токсины из организма пациента.

  Doctors expelled toxins from the patient's body.

• Она выгнала пар из бутылки, чтобы открыть её.

  She expelled the gas from the bottle to open it.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs, which undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number in Russian. Russian verbs are imperfective or perfective; 'выгнать' and 'изгнать' are perfective, while 'исключить' can be used in perfective contexts.

Note: These verbs do not change for gender in the infinitive form but inflect in past tense based on the subject. They are regular in most aspects but require attention to aspectual pairs for correct usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • выслать (to deport or send away; similar to изгнать but more official)
  • удалить (to remove; less forceful than выгнать)
• Antonyms:
  • принять (to accept or admit)
  • взять (to take in)

Related Phrases:

• выгнать из дома - Expel from home; used for family disputes.
• изгнать из страны - Exile from the country; often in political contexts.
• исключить из партии - Expel from the party; common in organizational settings.

Usage Notes:

English 'expel' often corresponds directly to Russian verbs like выгнать for informal actions or исключить for institutional ones. Be mindful of formality: use изгнать in written or historical contexts to convey gravity, while выгнать suits spoken language. Russian verbs require aspect consideration—perfective for completed actions. When choosing among translations, select based on context: e.g., use исключить for membership-related expulsions. Always conjugate according to subject gender and number in past tense.

• Tip: In formal writing, pair with prepositions like из (from) for clarity, e.g., выгнать из школы.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'выгнать' with 'выслать' (deport), leading to misuse in contexts like immigration. For example:

• Error: Using 'выгнать' for official deportation (incorrect: Он выгнал移民 из страны). Correct: Он выслал移民 из страны (He deported the immigrants from the country). Explanation: 'Выгнать' implies a personal or sudden action, while 'выслать' is for state-ordered expulsion.
• Error: Forgetting past tense gender agreement, e.g., saying 'выгнал' for a female subject. Correct: выгнала for feminine subjects. Explanation: Russian past tense verbs agree with the subject's gender, unlike English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'изгнать' evoke historical events such as the exiles during the Soviet era or tsarist times, symbolizing political repression. This adds a layer of emotional weight, making it more than a neutral action—it's often tied to themes of injustice or resistance in literature and media.

Related Concepts:

• бежать (to flee)
• эмигрировать (to emigrate)
• выслать (to deport)