Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'entrenched'

English Word: entrenched

Key Russian Translations:

• укорененный [ʊkɐˈrʲenːɨj] - [Formal, Adjective, Used for deeply rooted ideas or beliefs]
• закрепленный [zəkrʲeˈplʲenːɨj] - [Formal, Adjective, Used in contexts of established positions or systems]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, political, and professional discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it requires understanding of adjective inflections; for 'укорененный', it's straightforward for learners at this level, while 'закрепленный' may vary slightly by context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

укорененный: [ʊkɐˈrʲenːɨj]

Note on укорененный: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'р' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Audio: []

закрепленный: [zəkrʲeˈplʲenːɨj]

Note on закрепленный: Stress on the third syllable; the 'з' sound is soft, similar to 'z' in "zoo," but ensure proper voicing.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Firmly established and difficult to change (e.g., entrenched beliefs or traditions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• укорененный - Typically used in formal or philosophical contexts to describe deeply ingrained ideas that resist change.
• закрепленный - Applied in legal or structural contexts, such as entrenched rights in a constitution.

Usage Examples:

• Его укорененные взгляды на историю сделали его стойким критиком перемен.

  His entrenched views on history made him a staunch critic of change.

• В этой культуре укорененные традиции передаются из поколения в поколение.

  In this culture, entrenched traditions are passed down from generation to generation.

• Закрепленный в законе принцип равенства остается неизменным.

  The entrenched principle of equality in the law remains unchanged.

• Ее закрепленные привычки работы помогли ей преуспеть в карьере.

  Her entrenched work habits helped her succeed in her career.

• Укорененные предубеждения общества трудно преодолеть без образования.

  Entrenched societal prejudices are hard to overcome without education.

Meaning 2: Militarily fortified or dug in (e.g., entrenched positions in warfare)

Translation(s) & Context:

• укорененный - Less common in military contexts; used metaphorically for "dug-in" ideas.
• окопанный (as an alternative) [ɐˈkopannɨj] - [Informal, Specific to military scenarios, e.g., troops in trenches]

Usage Examples:

• Войска были укоренены в позициях, ожидая атаки.

  The troops were entrenched in positions, awaiting an attack.

• Окопанные солдаты выдержали обстрел благодаря своим укреплениям.

  The entrenched soldiers withstood the bombardment due to their fortifications.

• Его укорененные позиции в дебатах были непоколебимы.

  His entrenched positions in debates were unshakeable.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'укорененный' and 'закрепленный' are adjectives, which follow standard Russian adjective declension patterns. Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. They are regular and do not have irregular forms.

For feminine and neuter forms, add appropriate endings (e.g., укорененная for feminine singular). These adjectives do not change in predicative position.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: устоявшийся (well-established, often in stable contexts), закрепленный (as above, with emphasis on fixation)
• устойчивый (stable, but less emphatic on depth; used for more temporary stability)
• Antonyms: неустойчивый (unstable, contrasting with deep roots), изменчивый (changeable, highlighting lack of permanence)

Related Phrases:

• укорененные традиции - Entrenched traditions (refers to customs deeply embedded in society)
• закрепленные права - Entrenched rights (used in legal contexts for fundamental, unchangeable entitlements)
• укорененные предубеждения - Entrenched prejudices (common in discussions of social issues)

Usage Notes:

'Укорененный' is the most direct translation for 'entrenched' in metaphorical senses, such as ideas or beliefs, and is preferred in formal writing. 'Закрепленный' is better for literal or structural contexts, like laws or positions. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. English learners should avoid overusing these in casual speech, as they sound formal. When choosing between translations, opt for 'укорененный' for emotional or historical depth and 'закрепленный' for legal precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'укорененный' interchangeably with 'закрепленный' without considering context. For example, saying "укорененный закон" (entrenched law) when 'закрепленный закон' is more accurate for legal entrenchment. Correct: Use 'закрепленный' for fixed legal terms to avoid implying emotional depth.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "укорененный женщина" instead of "укорененная женщина" (for feminine noun). Correct: Always decline the adjective to match the noun's gender and case, as in "ее укорененные взгляды" (her entrenched views).

• Error: Mispronouncing the stressed syllables, leading to confusion with similar words. Correct: Practice the IPA [ʊkɐˈrʲenːɨj] to ensure proper emphasis, as stressing the wrong syllable might make it sound like a different word.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'укорененный' often evoke themes of historical resilience, such as entrenched traditions in Russian folklore or the deeply rooted Orthodox faith. This reflects Russia's emphasis on continuity and resistance to change, stemming from its complex history of invasions and revolutions, which can make such concepts feel more profound than in English usage.

Related Concepts:

• традиции
• устойчивость
• предубеждения