Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'elasticity'

English Word: elasticity

Key Russian Translations:

• упругость /ʊˈpruɡəstʲ/ - [Formal, used in physics and scientific contexts]
• эластичность /ɪˈlastʲɪt͡ɕnəstʲ/ - [Formal, used in economics and social sciences]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in specialized fields like physics and economics, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and basic Russian grammar, as these terms are abstract and context-dependent)

Pronunciation (Russian):

упругость: /ʊˈpruɡəstʲ/

Note on упругость: The stress falls on the second syllable. Be mindful of the soft sign (ь) at the end, which softens the preceding consonant and can be tricky for English speakers. Pronounce it with a clear "g" sound as in "go."

эластичность: /ɪˈlastʲɪt͡ɕnəstʲ/

Note on эластичность: This word has a palatalized "t" (тʲ), which sounds softer due to the influence of the following "и." It's similar to the English "ch" in "church" for the "t͡ɕ" sound. Audio: [Insert audio player placeholder, e.g., ]

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The physical property of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed.

Translation(s) & Context:

• упругость - Used in scientific or technical discussions, such as in materials science or engineering, to describe resilience in objects.

Usage Examples:

• Резина обладает высокой упругостью, что делает её идеальной для шин.

  Rubber has high elasticity, which makes it ideal for tires.

• В эксперименте мы измерили упругость металлической пружины под разными нагрузками.

  In the experiment, we measured the elasticity of the metal spring under different loads.

• Упругость материалов важна в строительстве для обеспечения безопасности.

  The elasticity of materials is important in construction for ensuring safety.

• При низких температурах упругость резины значительно снижается.

  At low temperatures, the elasticity of rubber decreases significantly.

• Физики изучают упругость, чтобы понять, как объекты деформируются и восстанавливаются.

  Physicists study elasticity to understand how objects deform and recover.

Meaning 2: In economics, the measure of how responsive quantity demanded or supplied is to changes in price or other factors.

Translation(s) & Context:

• эластичность - Applied in economic analysis, such as in market studies, to discuss price sensitivity.

Usage Examples:

• Эластичность спроса на luxury товары обычно высока.

  The elasticity of demand for luxury goods is usually high.

• Экономисты анализируют эластичность предложения в зависимости от рыночных условий.

  Economists analyze the elasticity of supply based on market conditions.

• Высокая эластичность цены может привести к значительным изменениям в потреблении.

  High price elasticity can lead to significant changes in consumption.

• В отчёте обсуждается эластичность спроса на нефть по отношению к глобальным ценам.

  The report discusses the elasticity of demand for oil in relation to global prices.

• Эластичность рынка труда влияет на уровень безработицы.

  The elasticity of the labor market affects the unemployment rate.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "упругость" and "эластичность" are feminine nouns in Russian, following the standard declension patterns for abstract nouns. They are third-declension nouns and exhibit regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table outlining the key inflections for each:

These nouns do not have irregular forms, but remember that in Russian, adjectives and verbs must agree with them in case, number, and gender.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for упругость:
  • резкость (reskost' - sharpness or resilience, with a focus on quick recovery)
  • гибкость (gibkost' - flexibility, implying adaptability but less emphasis on return to shape)
• Synonyms for эластичность:
  • чувствительность (chuvstvitel'nost' - sensitivity, in economic contexts)
  • реактивность (reaktivnost' - reactivity, for market responses)
• Antonyms:
  • жесткость (zhestkost' - rigidity, for both physical and economic contexts)
  • неподвижность (nepodvizhnost' - immobility, emphasizing lack of response)

Related Phrases:

• Коэффициент упругости - Coefficient of elasticity (used in physics to refer to a material's elastic modulus)
• Ценовая эластичность - Price elasticity (a key term in economics for measuring price sensitivity)
• Упругость спроса - Elasticity of demand (describes how demand changes with price fluctuations)
• Высокая эластичность рынка - High market elasticity (indicates a responsive market environment)

Usage Notes:

"Упругость" directly corresponds to the physical aspect of elasticity in English, making it suitable for scientific writing or discussions about materials. In contrast, "эластичность" aligns more with economic elasticity and should be used in contexts involving market dynamics. Both terms are formal and rarely appear in casual speech; always consider the field of context when choosing between them. Grammatically, as feminine nouns, they require agreement with adjectives and verbs (e.g., "высокая упругость" for "high elasticity"). English learners should note that Russian often requires specifying the type of elasticity explicitly in phrases.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "упругость" and "эластичность": English learners might use "упругость" in economic contexts, leading to "Упругость спроса" instead of "Эластичность спроса." Correct usage: Stick to "эластичность" for economics to avoid misleading connotations. Error example: "Упругость цены" (incorrect for price elasticity); Correct: "Эластичность цены" – This error stems from overgeneralizing the English term.

• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to change the case, e.g., saying "о упругость" instead of "об упругости" in the prepositional case. Error example: "Мы говорим о упругость" (wrong); Correct: "Мы говорим об упругости" – Always decline based on sentence structure for grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific and educational contexts, terms like "упругость" and "эластичность" reflect the influence of Soviet-era physics and economics education, which emphasized precise terminology. For instance, "упругость" is often discussed in engineering curricula with practical applications in Russian industry, highlighting a cultural value on resilience and adaptability in technology and daily life.

Related Concepts:

• гибкость (flexibility)
• жесткость (rigidity)
• спрос (demand)
• предложение (supply)