Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'earnings'

English Word: earnings

Key Russian Translations:

• заработок [zərɐˈbotək] - [Informal, Singular]
• доходы [ˈdoxədɨ] - [Formal, Plural]

Frequency: Medium (Common in financial discussions, business contexts, and everyday conversations about income, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic economic terms and noun inflections in Russian, per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

заработок: [zərɐˈbotək]

Note on заработок: The stress falls on the third syllable ("bo"), which can be tricky for learners; ensure a clear "o" sound. Variations in casual speech may soften the "r" sound.

доходы: [ˈdoxədɨ]

Note on доходы: The initial "d" is pronounced softly, and the word ends with a palatalized "y" sound; common in formal settings, so practice with native audio.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Money earned from work, investments, or other sources (general income).

Translation(s) & Context:

• заработок - Typically used in informal, everyday contexts for personal or individual earnings, such as from a job or side hustle.
• доходы - Applied in formal contexts like financial reports, taxes, or official documents, often referring to plural or aggregate earnings.

Usage Examples:

• Мой заработок в прошлом месяце превысил все ожидания благодаря дополнительным проектам.

  My earnings last month exceeded all expectations thanks to additional projects.

• Её доходы от инвестиций позволяют комфортно жить в большом городе.

  Her earnings from investments allow her to live comfortably in a big city.

• Мы обсуждаем, как увеличить заработок, работая удалённо.

  We're discussing how to increase earnings by working remotely.

• Годовые доходы компании выросли на 20% по сравнению с предыдущим годом.

  The company's annual earnings grew by 20% compared to the previous year.

• Его заработок от фриланса варьируется в зависимости от сезона.

  His earnings from freelancing vary depending on the season.

Meaning 2: Profits or net gains in a business context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• доходы - Preferred in formal business or economic discussions, emphasizing net earnings after deductions.
• заработок - Less common here, but can be used informally for personal business profits.

Usage Examples:

• Чистые доходы предприятия достигли рекордного уровня в этом квартале.

  The net earnings of the enterprise reached a record level this quarter.

• Инвесторы интересуются, как повысить заработок через диверсификацию.

  Investors are interested in how to increase earnings through diversification.

• Его доходы от продажи акций помогли покрыть расходы.

  His earnings from selling stocks helped cover the expenses.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Заработок" is a masculine noun that follows standard first-declension patterns, while "Доходы" is a plural noun with its own inflections. Below is a table outlining key inflections:

Note: "Заработок" has regular inflections, but "Доходы" is inherently plural and does not have a singular form in most contexts, which is a common feature in Russian for collective nouns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • доход (dohod) - Similar to "доходы" but can be singular; often interchangeable in formal contexts, but more general.
  • прибыль (pribyl') - Emphasizes profit or net gain, with a slight nuance of financial surplus.
• Antonyms:
  • расходы (rashody) - Refers to expenses, directly opposing the concept of earnings.
  • убытки (ubytki) - Means losses, especially in business.

Related Phrases:

• дополнительный заработок - Additional earnings; used for side income or extra work.
• пассивные доходы - Passive earnings; common in investment contexts, referring to income without active effort.
• ежемесячный заработок - Monthly earnings; for regular salary or income discussions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "заработок" is more casual and personal, often corresponding to everyday "earnings" in English, while "доходы" aligns with formal or financial "earnings." Choose based on context: use "заработок" for individual stories and "доходы" for reports. Be mindful of gender and number agreements in sentences, as Russian requires adjectives and verbs to match. For example, in business English, "earnings" might directly translate to "доходы" in official documents.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "заработок" with "зарплата" (salary): Learners often use "зарплата" for all income types, but it's specifically for wages. Error: "Мой зарплата высокий" (incorrect for general earnings). Correct: "Мой заработок высокий" – This overlooks the broader scope of "earnings."
• Overusing plural forms: English speakers might incorrectly pluralize "заработок" as "заработки" in non-plural contexts. Error: "Я имею заработки" (awkward). Correct: "Я имею заработок" for singular use – Remember, context dictates number.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions of "earnings" or "доходы" often tie into broader economic realities, such as the historical emphasis on state-controlled wages during the Soviet era. Today, terms like "заработок" reflect a growing freelance economy, symbolizing personal initiative in a post-Soviet context, which can carry connotations of independence and resilience.

Related Concepts:

• бюджет (byudzhet) - Budget
• финансы (finansy) - Finances
• инвестиции (investitsii) - Investments