decompose
Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Decompose'
English Word: decompose
Key Russian Translations:
- разлагаться [rəzlɐˈɡatʲsə] - [Informal, Used for organic decay or breakdown]
- распадаться [rəspɐˈdatʲsə] - [Formal, Used for disintegration or falling apart]
- разложить [rəzˈloʐɨtʲ] - [Active, Used for breaking down into components]
Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific and everyday contexts)
Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by translation)
Pronunciation (Russian):
разлагаться: [rəzlɐˈɡatʲsə]
Note on разлагаться: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "г" is pronounced as a voiced fricative [ɡ].
распадаться: [rəspɐˈdatʲsə]
Note on распадаться: Stress on the third syllable. The "д" softens due to the following "а".
разложить: [rəzˈloʐɨtʲ]
Note on разложить: Stress on the second syllable. The "ж" is a hard, voiced sound [ʐ].
Audio: []
Meanings and Usage:
1. To decay or rot (organic matter)
Translation(s) & Context:
- разлагаться - Used for organic decomposition, such as food or bodies decaying.
Usage Examples:
Труп начал разлагаться через несколько дней.
The body began to decompose after a few days.
Остатки еды разлагаются в компосте.
Food leftovers decompose in the compost.
Без холодильника мясо быстро разлагается.
Without a refrigerator, meat decomposes quickly.
2. To break down or disintegrate (structure or system)
Translation(s) & Context:
- распадаться - Used for abstract or physical disintegration, such as organizations or materials.
Usage Examples:
Империя начала распадаться на части.
The empire began to decompose into parts.
Материал распадается под воздействием воды.
The material decomposes under the influence of water.
Семья распалась после скандала.
The family decomposed after the scandal.
3. To break down into components (analytical)
Translation(s) & Context:
- разложить - Used actively for breaking something into parts, often in analysis or organization.
Usage Examples:
Учитель разложил проблему на части.
The teacher decomposed the problem into parts.
Химик разложил вещество на элементы.
The chemist decomposed the substance into elements.
Нужно разложить вещи по полкам.
You need to decompose (organize) things onto shelves.
Russian Forms/Inflections:
разлагаться (Imperfective Verb, Reflexive): Regular conjugation in present, past, and future tenses. Indicates an ongoing process of decay.
Person | Present | Past (Masc./Fem./Neut./Plur.) | Future |
---|---|---|---|
1st Sing. | разлагаюсь | разлагался / разлагалась / разлагалось / разлагались | буду разлагаться |
3rd Plur. | разлагаются | разлагались | будут разлагаться |
распадаться (Imperfective Verb, Reflexive): Similar conjugation to разлагаться, used for disintegration.
разложить (Perfective Verb): Indicates a completed action of breaking down or organizing.
Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:
Synonyms for разлагаться:
- гнить (to rot, more specific to organic decay)
- портиться (to spoil, often for food)
Synonyms for распадаться:
- рушиться (to collapse, often for structures)
- дезинтегрировать (to disintegrate, formal)
Antonyms:
- собираться (to assemble, to come together)
- формироваться (to form, to take shape)
Related Phrases:
- разлагаться на глазах - "to decompose before one’s eyes" (used for rapid visible decay or decline)
- распадаться на куски - "to decompose into pieces" (used for physical or metaphorical disintegration)
- разложить по полочкам - "to decompose into shelves" (idiomatic, meaning to organize or explain clearly)
Usage Notes:
- Choose разлагаться for organic or natural decay processes, often with a negative connotation.
- Use распадаться for abstract or structural disintegration, such as relationships or systems.
- Opt for разложить when the action is deliberate or analytical, often implying completion.
- Be mindful of verb aspects: разлагаться and распадаться are imperfective (ongoing), while разложить is perfective (completed).
Common Errors:
- Mistake: Using разложить for natural decay. Incorrect: "Труп разложил." Correct: "Труп разлагался."
- Mistake: Confusing распадаться with разлагаться in abstract contexts. Explanation: распадаться is better for systems or structures, while разлагаться implies moral or organic decay.
Cultural Notes:
In Russian, the concept of "decay" (разлагаться) often carries a strong negative connotation, especially when used metaphorically to describe moral or societal decline. This usage is common in literature and political discourse.
Related Concepts:
- гниение (rotting)
- разрушение (destruction)
- анализ (analysis, related to breaking down concepts)