Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'conduction'

English Word: conduction

Key Russian Translations:

• проводимость [prəvɐˈdʲiməsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Technical]
• проведение [prəvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪje] - [Formal, Contextual for processes]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, engineering, and educational contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology; for 'проводимость', it's B2, while 'проведение' may be A2 in basic forms but B1 in nuanced uses)

Pronunciation (Russian):

проводимость: [prəvɐˈdʲiməsʲtʲ]

Note on проводимость: The stress falls on the fourth syllable; be careful with the soft 'дʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. It sounds like "proh-vah-DEEM-uh-st'".

проведение: [prəvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪje]

Note on проведение: The initial 'п' is unaspirated, and the word ends with a soft 'e' sound; pronounce as "proh-vye-DYEH-nyeh". Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Physical process of transferring heat, electricity, or other forms of energy.

Translation(s) & Context:

• проводимость - Used in technical or scientific discussions, such as in physics or engineering, to describe the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat.
• проведение - Applied in contexts involving the act or process of conduction, like in medical or procedural descriptions, but less common for pure physical phenomena.

Usage Examples:

• В металлах проводимость электричества очень высока из-за наличия свободных электронов.

  In metals, electrical conduction is very high due to the presence of free electrons.

• Теплопроводность материалов зависит от их проводимости и температуры.

  The thermal conduction of materials depends on their conductivity and temperature.

• Проведение нервных импульсов в организме человека обеспечивает быструю передачу сигналов.

  The conduction of nerve impulses in the human body ensures rapid signal transmission.

• Для повышения проводимости в цепи инженеры используют специальные проводники.

  To increase conduction in the circuit, engineers use specialized conductors.

• Изучение проводимости веществ является основой современной электроники.

  The study of conduction in substances is the foundation of modern electronics.

Secondary meaning: In anatomy, the transmission of impulses or signals.

Translation(s) & Context:

• проведение - Primarily used here, in medical contexts to describe neural or signal conduction.

Usage Examples:

• Проведение электрических сигналов по нервам позволяет реагировать на внешние раздражители.

  Conduction of electrical signals through nerves allows response to external stimuli.

• Нарушения проводимости в сердце могут привести к серьезным заболеваниям.

  Disruptions in conduction in the heart can lead to serious diseases.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'проводимость' is a feminine noun in the third declension group. It follows standard patterns for abstract nouns and is invariable in most cases but changes by case and number as shown below:

'проведение' is a neuter noun with irregular inflections based on its verbal origin. It changes as follows:

Note: These words do not change for gender but follow standard Russian declension rules without irregularities in most contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • провод (more literal for 'conductor')
  • передвижение (in metaphorical or signal contexts; implies movement)
  Note: 'передвижение' is less precise and used for broader transmission ideas.
• Antonyms:
  • изоляция (isolation; lack of conduction)
  • блокировка (blockage; prevents conduction)

Related Phrases:

• теплопроводность - Thermal conduction; A common phrase referring to heat transfer properties in materials.
• электрическая проводимость - Electrical conduction; Used in physics to describe current flow.
• проводник тока - Current conductor; A fixed phrase for materials that facilitate electrical conduction.

Usage Notes:

'Проводимость' directly corresponds to the English 'conduction' in scientific contexts, emphasizing the property of a material, while 'проведение' is better for processes like signal transmission. Use 'проводимость' in formal, technical writing; it's neutral in register but avoid it in casual speech. When choosing between translations, opt for 'проводимость' for physical properties and 'проведение' for dynamic actions. Grammatically, these nouns require appropriate case agreement with prepositions, e.g., 'о проводимости' (about conduction).

Common Errors:

• English speakers often confuse 'проводимость' with 'провода' (wires), leading to misuse in sentences. Incorrect: "Провода в металле" (meaning wires in metal). Correct: "Проводимость металла" (the conduction of metal). Explanation: 'Провода' refers to physical wires, not the abstract property.

• Overgeneralizing inflections; for example, using the wrong case like "в проводимость" instead of "в проводимости" for locative contexts. Correct usage: "Изучение в проводимости" should be "Изучение проводимости". Explanation: Always check the required case based on the preposition.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like 'проводимость' reflect the influence of Soviet-era physics education, where concepts of conduction were heavily emphasized in engineering and space technology. This gives the word a practical, innovation-driven connotation, often linked to Russia's historical contributions to physics, such as in the development of semiconductors.

Related Concepts:

• электричество
• теплообмен
• проводник