Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Chuck'

English Word: chuck

Key Russian Translations:

• бросать [ˈbrosətʲ] - [Informal, General use for throwing]
• выбрасывать [vɨˈbrasɨvətʲ] - [General use for discarding]
• патрон [pɐˈtron] - [Technical, Refers to a chuck in machinery]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "бросать" and "выбрасывать" are more common, while "патрон" is niche)

Difficulty: A2-B1 for "бросать" and "выбрасывать" (Beginner-Intermediate); B2 for "патрон" (Intermediate due to technical context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

бросать: [ˈbrosətʲ]

Note on бросать: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "р" is rolled, which may be challenging for non-native speakers.

выбрасывать: [vɨˈbrasɨvətʲ]

Note on выбрасывать: Stress on the second syllable. Pay attention to the soft "в" sound before "ы".

патрон: [pɐˈtron]

Note on патрон: Stress on the second syllable. Simple pronunciation but context-specific usage.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To Throw or Toss (Physical Action)

Translation(s) & Context:

• бросать - Used for casually throwing or tossing something, often in informal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он бросил мяч собаке.

  He threw the ball to the dog.

• Не бросай камни в окно!

  Don't throw stones at the window!

• Она бросила взгляд на часы.

  She threw a glance at the clock.

2. To Discard or Get Rid Of

Translation(s) & Context:

• выбрасывать - Used for throwing away or discarding items, often implying disposal.

Usage Examples:

• Не выбрасывай старые вещи, отдай их на благотворительность.

  Don't throw away old things, donate them to charity.

• Он выбросил испорченную еду.

  He threw out the spoiled food.

• Выбрасывать мусор нужно в контейнер.

  You should throw trash into the bin.

3. Machinery Part (Chuck as a Tool Component)

Translation(s) & Context:

• патрон - Refers to a chuck in a drill or lathe, highly technical context.

Usage Examples:

• Патрон дрели нужно заменить.

  The drill chuck needs to be replaced.

• Убедись, что патрон надежно закреплен.

  Make sure the chuck is securely fastened.

• Этот патрон подходит для токарного станка.

  This chuck is suitable for a lathe.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

бросать (Verb, Imperfective): Regular verb of the first conjugation. Below is the present tense conjugation:

Perfective form: бросить [brositʲ]

выбрасывать (Verb, Imperfective): Regular verb with prefix "вы-". Present tense follows similar patterns to "бросать".

Perfective form: выбросить [vybrositʲ]

патрон (Noun, Masculine): Declines as a regular masculine noun ending in a consonant.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for бросать (to throw):

• кидать
• швырять (more forceful, informal)

Synonyms for выбрасывать (to discard):

• выкидывать (colloquial)
• избавляться (to get rid of)

Antonyms for бросать:

• ловить (to catch)

Antonyms for выбрасывать:

• собирать (to collect)

Related Phrases:

• бросить курить - to quit smoking
• бросить работу - to quit a job
• выбросить из головы - to get something out of one's mind
• патрон для дрели - chuck for a drill

Usage Notes:

• "бросать" is versatile and can be used both literally (throwing an object) and figuratively (throwing a glance or abandoning something).
• "выбрасывать" is more specific to discarding or throwing away, often with a sense of finality. Use "выкидывать" for a more colloquial tone.
• "патрон" as a chuck in machinery is a specialized term and should only be used in technical contexts. Be aware that it also means "cartridge" (as in ammunition) in other contexts.
• Aspect is crucial in Russian verbs: "бросать" and "выбрасывать" are imperfective (ongoing or repeated actions), while "бросить" and "выбросить" are perfective (completed actions).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "бросать" when "выбрасывать" is more appropriate for discarding. Example: *Он бросил мусор на улице* (incorrect) vs. Он выбросил мусор в контейнер (correct). Explanation: "бросать" implies throwing without a clear intent to discard, while "выбрасывать" specifies disposal.
• Error: Ignoring verb aspect. Example: *Я бросаю курить каждый день* (incorrect) vs. Я бросил курить (correct for a completed action). Explanation: Use perfective "бросить" for completed actions like quitting.
• Error: Misusing "патрон" in non-technical contexts. Example: *У меня есть патрон для мяса* (incorrect). Explanation: "патрон" is specific to tools or ammunition, not general use.

Cultural Notes:

The phrase "бросить курить" (to quit smoking) is a common expression in Russian and reflects a cultural emphasis on decisive actions when breaking habits. Similarly, "выбросить из головы" (to throw out of one's head) is a vivid way to describe forgetting or letting go of thoughts, showcasing the expressive nature of Russian idioms.

Related Concepts:

• кидать (to throw, informal)
• выкидывать (to throw out, colloquial)
• инструмент (tool, related to "патрон")