Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Censure'

English Word: Censure

Key Russian Translations:

• осуждение [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Neutral]
• порицание [pərʲɪˈtsanʲɪjə] - [Formal]
• критика [ˈkrʲitʲɪkə] - [Neutral, Can be Informal]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "критика", B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "осуждение" and "порицание"

Pronunciation (Russian):

осуждение: [ɐsʊˈʐdʲenʲɪjə]

Note on осуждение: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "ж" sound is a voiced fricative, similar to 's' in "measure".

порицание: [pərʲɪˈtsanʲɪjə]

Note on порицание: Stress on the third syllable. The soft "р" requires palatalization.

критика: [ˈkrʲitʲɪkə]

Note on критика: Stress on the first syllable. A straightforward word for learners.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Formal Disapproval or Condemnation

Translation(s) & Context:

• осуждение - Used in formal contexts to express moral or social disapproval.
• порицание - Often used in official or institutional settings for reprimand or censure.

Usage Examples:

• Его поведение вызвало общественное осуждение.

  His behavior caused public censure.

• Решение суда встретило осуждение со стороны правозащитников.

  The court's decision faced censure from human rights activists.

• Учитель выразил порицание за нарушение правил.

  The teacher expressed censure for breaking the rules.

2. Criticism or Negative Feedback

Translation(s) & Context:

• критика - Used for expressing criticism, often less severe than formal censure.

Usage Examples:

• Его работа подверглась критике на собрании.

  His work came under criticism at the meeting.

• Конструктивная критика помогает улучшить проект.

  Constructive criticism helps improve the project.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

осуждение (Neuter Noun):

Case	Singular
Nominative	осуждение
Genitive	осуждения
Dative	осуждению
Accusative	осуждение
Instrumental	осуждением
Prepositional	об осуждении

порицание and критика follow similar neuter and feminine noun declension patterns, respectively.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• упрёк (reproach, less formal)
• обвинение (accusation, stronger tone)

Antonyms:

• похвала (praise)
• одобрение (approval)

Note: "упрёк" is softer and more personal compared to "осуждение".

Related Phrases:

• выразить осуждение - To express censure (used in formal statements).
• подвергаться критике - To be subject to criticism (common in discussions).
• заслужить порицание - To deserve censure (often in official contexts).

Usage Notes:

• "осуждение" is often used for moral or societal disapproval and carries a heavier tone. Use it in serious or formal contexts.
• "порицание" is more specific to formal reprimands, often in institutional or professional settings.
• "критика" is broader and can refer to any criticism, including constructive feedback. It is the most versatile of the three.

Common Errors:

1. Mixing up "критика" with "осуждение": English learners often use "критика" when a stronger, more formal term like "осуждение" is needed in contexts of moral disapproval. For example, saying "Его поступок вызвал критику" might sound too mild for a serious offense. Correct: "Его поступок вызвал осуждение".

2. Incorrect Case Usage: Beginners often misuse cases after prepositions. For example, "говорить о критика" is wrong; it should be "говорить о критике" (Prepositional case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressing "осуждение" or "порицание" publicly can be seen as a strong statement, often tied to moral or ethical judgments. Russians may use "критика" more frequently in everyday discussions to soften the tone, especially in personal interactions.

Related Concepts:

• упрёк (reproach)
• обвинение (accusation)
• похвала (praise)