Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Cardiac'

English Word: cardiac

Key Russian Translations:

• сердечный [ˈsʲɛrdʲɪtɕnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• кардиальный [kɐrˈdʲialʲnɨj] - [Formal, Medical Term, Adjective]

Frequency: Medium (used primarily in medical or formal contexts)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) for "сердечный"; C1 (Advanced) for "кардиальный" due to its specialized usage

Pronunciation (Russian):

сердечный: [ˈsʲɛrdʲɪtɕnɨj]

Note on сердечный: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "ч" sound is soft, like "ch" in "church."

кардиальный: [kɐrˈdʲialʲnɨj]

Note on кардиальный: Stress on the second syllable. The "р" is rolled slightly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Related to the heart (medical or anatomical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сердечный - Commonly used in general contexts to describe anything related to the heart (e.g., heart disease).
• кардиальный - Used specifically in medical terminology, often in scientific or clinical settings.

Usage Examples:

• У него диагностировали сердечное заболевание.

  He was diagnosed with a cardiac disease.

• Сердечный ритм нужно регулярно проверять.

  The cardiac rhythm should be checked regularly.

• Кардиальные симптомы требуют немедленного вмешательства.

  Cardiac symptoms require immediate intervention.

• Кардиальная терапия проводится только под наблюдением врача.

  Cardiac therapy is conducted only under a doctor's supervision.

• Сердечная недостаточность – серьёзное состояние.

  Cardiac insufficiency is a serious condition.

2. Figurative (related to emotions or kindness, less common for 'cardiac')

Translation(s) & Context:

• сердечный - Can mean "heartfelt" or "cordial" in non-medical contexts, though this is not directly tied to "cardiac."

Usage Examples:

• Он дал мне сердечный совет.

  He gave me heartfelt advice.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сердечный (Adjective): Follows standard Russian adjective declension rules based on gender, number, and case.

кардиальный (Adjective): Similar to "сердечный," follows standard adjective declension rules. Rarely used in plural form due to its technical nature.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for сердечный (in medical context):

• кардиальный

Note: "сердечный" is more common in everyday medical discussions, while "кардиальный" is strictly technical.

Antonyms: None directly applicable in a medical sense for "cardiac."

Related Phrases:

• сердечный приступ - Heart attack.
• сердечная недостаточность - Heart failure.
• кардиальная диагностика - Cardiac diagnostics (used in medical settings).

Usage Notes:

• "сердечный" is the more versatile and commonly used term for "cardiac" in Russian, applicable in both medical and figurative contexts (e.g., "heartfelt").
• "кардиальный" is a specialized term, almost exclusively used in medical or scientific literature. Avoid using it in casual conversation.
• Pay attention to adjective agreement in Russian sentences, as the form changes based on the noun it modifies (gender, number, case).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "кардиальный" in everyday speech.
  Incorrect: У меня кардиальная боль.
  Correct: У меня сердечная боль. (I have heart pain.)
  Explanation: "кардиальный" sounds overly technical and unnatural outside of clinical contexts.
• Error: Incorrect adjective agreement.
  Incorrect: Сердечный болезнь.
  Correct: Сердечная болезнь. (Cardiac disease.)
  Explanation: "болезнь" is feminine, so the adjective must match in gender.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the heart ("сердце") often symbolizes emotions and sincerity, beyond just the physical organ. While "сердечный" can refer to "cardiac" in a medical sense, it frequently appears in expressions of warmth or kindness (e.g., "сердечный привет" – a heartfelt greeting). English speakers should be aware of this dual meaning to avoid misinterpretation.

Related Concepts:

• сердце (heart)
• кардиология (cardiology)
• кардиолог (cardiologist)