Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Breach'

English Word: breach

Key Russian Translations:

• нарушение [nɐrʊˈʂɛnʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Formal/Informal]
• пролом [prɐˈlom] - [Neutral, Often Physical or Literal]
• разрыв [rɐzˈrɨf] - [Neutral, Often Figurative for Relationships]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "нарушение"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "пролом" and "разрыв"

Pronunciation (Russian):

нарушение: [nɐrʊˈʂɛnʲɪjə]

Note on нарушение: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "ш" sound is a soft "sh" typical in Russian.

пролом: [prɐˈlom]

Note on пролом: Stress on the second syllable. The "о" is pronounced as a short "o".

разрыв: [rɐzˈrɨf]

Note on разрыв: Stress on the second syllable. The "ы" sound is a distinct Russian vowel, similar to a short "i".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Violation of a Rule or Agreement

Translation(s) & Context:

• нарушение - Used for breaking rules, laws, or contracts (e.g., breach of contract).

Usage Examples:

• Нарушение договора может привести к судебному разбирательству.

  A breach of contract may lead to legal proceedings.

• Это грубое нарушение правил школы.

  This is a gross breach of school rules.

• Нарушение тишины ночью запрещено.

  Breach of silence at night is prohibited.

2. Physical Gap or Break

Translation(s) & Context:

• пролом - Refers to a physical breach, such as a hole or gap in a wall or structure.

Usage Examples:

• В стене был большой пролом после взрыва.

  There was a large breach in the wall after the explosion.

• Солдаты сделали пролом в обороне врага.

  The soldiers made a breach in the enemy’s defense.

3. Break in Relations or Connection

Translation(s) & Context:

• разрыв - Used for a figurative breach, often in relationships or ties.

Usage Examples:

• Разрыв отношений был неизбежен.

  The breach in relations was inevitable.

• После ссоры произошёл полный разрыв.

  After the argument, there was a complete breach.

• Разрыв с прошлым помог ему начать заново.

  A breach with the past helped him start anew.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

1. нарушение (Noun, Neuter):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	нарушение	нарушения
Genitive	нарушения	нарушений
Dative	нарушению	нарушениям
Accusative	нарушение	нарушения
Instrumental	нарушением	нарушениями
Prepositional	нарушении	нарушениях

2. пролом (Noun, Masculine): Follows standard masculine declension with regular endings.

3. разрыв (Noun, Masculine): Follows standard masculine declension with regular endings.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for нарушение:

• преступление (crime, more severe)
• несоблюдение (non-compliance, formal)

Antonyms for нарушение:

• соблюдение (compliance)
• исполнение (fulfillment)

Related Phrases:

• нарушение прав человека - Breach of human rights
• пролом в стене - Breach in the wall
• разрыв дипломатических отношений - Breach of diplomatic relations

Usage Notes:

• "Нарушение" is the most versatile and commonly used translation for "breach" in legal or abstract contexts.
• Use "пролом" only for physical breaches or gaps, such as in structures or defenses.
• "Разрыв" is typically reserved for emotional or relational contexts and is less formal than "нарушение" in legal settings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "разрыв" for legal breaches. Incorrect: "Разрыв договора" (sounds odd and figurative). Correct: "Нарушение договора".
• Error: Using "пролом" for non-physical contexts. Incorrect: "Пролом правил" (sounds nonsensical). Correct: "Нарушение правил".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of "нарушение" is often associated with legal or moral implications and can carry a strong negative connotation, especially in formal contexts like law enforcement or contracts.

Related Concepts:

• преступление (crime)
• наказание (punishment)
• конфликт (conflict)