Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bout'

English Word: bout

Key Russian Translations:

• приступ [ˈprʲɪstup] - [Neutral, Used for a sudden attack or fit, e.g., of illness]
• поединок [pəɪˈdʲinək] - [Neutral, Used for a match or contest, e.g., in sports]
• вспышка [ˈfspɨʂkə] - [Neutral, Used for a sudden outburst, e.g., of emotion or activity]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in specific contexts like medical or sports discussions)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by context and translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

приступ: [ˈprʲɪstup]

Note on приступ: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "р" is rolled, and "и" is a short, unstressed vowel.

поединок: [pəɪˈdʲinək]

Note on поединок: Stress on the third syllable. The "е" is pronounced as "ye" in unstressed position.

вспышка: [ˈfspɨʂkə]

Note on вспышка: Stress on the first syllable. The "ы" is a unique Russian vowel, pronounced as a short, central sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A short period of intense activity or illness (e.g., a bout of flu)

Translation(s) & Context:

• приступ - Often used for sudden attacks or fits, especially related to health (e.g., a bout of coughing).
• вспышка - Used for sudden bursts, sometimes of emotion or activity (e.g., a bout of anger).

Usage Examples:

• У него был приступ кашля после простуды.

  He had a bout of coughing after a cold.

• У неё случился приступ мигрени вчера.

  She had a bout of migraine yesterday.

• Вспышка гнева застала его врасплох.

  A bout of anger caught him off guard.

2. A contest or match (e.g., a boxing bout)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поединок - Refers to a duel or match, often in sports or competitions.

Usage Examples:

• Боксёрский поединок длился десять раундов.

  The boxing bout lasted ten rounds.

• Поединок между двумя фехтовальщиками был напряжённым.

  The bout between the two fencers was intense.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

приступ (noun, masculine): Follows the second declension pattern for masculine nouns ending in a consonant.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	приступ	приступы
Genitive	приступа	приступов
Dative	приступу	приступам
Accusative	приступ	приступы
Instrumental	приступом	приступами
Prepositional	о приступе	о приступах

поединок (noun, masculine): Similar to приступ, follows the second declension pattern.

вспышка (noun, feminine): Follows the first declension pattern for feminine nouns ending in -а.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for приступ (fit/attack):

• нападение
• атака

Note: "нападение" often implies aggression, while "атака" can be more general.

Synonyms for поединок (match):

• состязание
• дуэль

Antonyms for приступ (fit/attack):

• спокойствие (calmness)

Related Phrases:

• приступ болезни - a bout of illness
• приступ смеха - a bout of laughter
• боксёрский поединок - a boxing bout
• вспышка эмоций - a bout of emotions

Usage Notes:

• "приступ" is the most common translation for a sudden health-related episode. Use it in medical or emotional contexts.
• "поединок" is strictly for competitive or confrontational settings, like sports or duels. Avoid using it for illness or emotion.
• "вспышка" often carries a metaphorical sense (e.g., a burst of activity or emotion) and is less formal than "приступ" in some contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "поединок" for a bout of illness. Incorrect: "У меня был поединок гриппа." Correct: "У меня был приступ гриппа." (Explanation: "поединок" refers to a contest, not a health issue.)
• Error: Misplacing stress in pronunciation, e.g., pronouncing "приступ" as [prʲɪˈstup]. Correct stress is on the first syllable: [ˈprʲɪstup].

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, "поединок" carries historical connotations of duels, often associated with literary works like those of Pushkin, where duels were a significant cultural motif. Understanding this context can enrich the use of the word in discussions of Russian culture or history.

Related Concepts:

• болезнь (illness)
• соревнование (competition)
• эмоция (emotion)