Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bilious'

English Word: bilious

Key Russian Translations:

• Желчный [ʐɨlʲˈtɕnɨj] - [Formal, Medical context]
• Раздражительный [rɐzdrɐʐɨˈtʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Informal, Descriptive of temperament]

Frequency: Medium - The word and its translations are encountered in medical literature and everyday conversations about health or personality, but not as common in casual speech.

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Requires understanding of basic medical terminology or descriptive adjectives; for "Желчный", it's B2 due to its specific context, while "Раздражительный" is closer to B1 for general learners.

Pronunciation (Russian):

Желчный: [ʐɨlʲˈtɕnɨj]

Note on Желчный: The initial 'Ж' is a voiced palatal fricative, similar to the 's' in 'measure' in English, which can be challenging for beginners. Stress falls on the second syllable.

Раздражительный: [rɐzdrɐʐɨˈtʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on Раздражительный: The word has multiple syllables with alternating vowels; pay attention to the soft sign 'тʲ' for proper softening. Common in spoken Russian.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to bile (medical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Желчный - Used in formal medical discussions, such as describing conditions involving the bile or gallbladder.

Usage Examples:

• У него часто бывают желчные колики.

  He often has bilious colic attacks.

• Желчный пузырь отвечает за хранение желчи.

  The gallbladder is responsible for storing bile.

• Диета помогает предотвратить желчные расстройства.

  A diet helps prevent bilious disorders.

• Врачи диагностировали у нее желчный рефлюкс.

  Doctors diagnosed her with bilious reflux.

Meaning 2: Bad-tempered or irritable (non-medical, figurative context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Раздражительный - Used in everyday conversations to describe someone who is easily annoyed or has a choleric disposition.

Usage Examples:

• Его раздражительный характер часто пугает коллег.

  His bilious nature often intimidates his colleagues.

• После бессонной ночи она становится раздражительной.

  After a sleepless night, she becomes bilious and irritable.

• Раздражительный тон в его голосе указывал на усталость.

  The bilious tone in his voice indicated fatigue.

• Дети иногда бывают раздражительными из-за голода.

  Children can be bilious when they're hungry.

• Его раздражительный взгляд заставил всех замолчать.

  His bilious glare made everyone go quiet.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are adjectives in Russian, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. "Желчный" is more commonly used in medical contexts and follows standard adjective patterns, while "Раздражительный" is used descriptively and has similar inflections.

Note: These adjectives follow regular patterns in Russian grammar, with changes in endings based on the noun they modify. They do not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Желчный: Печеночный (hepatic) - More specific to liver-related issues.
  • Раздражительный: Холерический (choleric) - Implies a quick-tempered personality, often in formal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Для Желчный: Спокойный (calm) - In medical contexts, implying no agitation.
  • Для Раздражительный: Терпеливый (patient) - Describes the opposite of irritability in personality.

Related Phrases:

• Желчный пузырь - Gallbladder; a common anatomical term in medical discussions.
• Раздражительный характер - Bilious temperament; used to describe someone's irritable personality in psychology or daily life.
• Желчные кислоты - Bile acids; related to digestive health.

Usage Notes:

"Bilious" in English often carries both medical and figurative meanings, and its Russian translations reflect this duality. Use "Желчный" for precise medical contexts, such as discussions about the digestive system, to maintain formality. "Раздражительный" is better for everyday descriptions of mood or behavior, but avoid it in professional medical settings to prevent confusion. When choosing between translations, consider the context: if the focus is on physical health, opt for "Желчный"; for emotional states, "Раздражительный" is more appropriate. Grammatically, both are adjectives and must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify, which is a key feature of Russian syntax.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Желчный" to describe personality traits, e.g., saying "Он желчный человек" to mean "He is a bilious person" when intending irritability. Correct: Use "Раздражительный человек" instead, as "Желчный" primarily means bile-related. Explanation: This confusion arises from the English word's dual meanings; in Russian, the translations are more specialized to avoid ambiguity.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., saying "Желчный женщина" instead of "Желчная женщина". Correct: "Желчная женщина" (with feminine ending). Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; learners often overlook this, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "Желчный" are rooted in historical medical traditions influenced by figures like Ivan Pavlov, who studied digestive systems. Figuratively, "Раздражительный" reflects the Russian emphasis on emotional restraint in social interactions, where displaying irritability might be seen as a sign of weakness or poor character in professional settings.

Related Concepts:

• Печень (liver)
• Холeric (choleric, as in temperament)
• Дисфункция (dysfunction, in medical contexts)