Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'aspermous'

English Word: aspermous

Key Russian Translations:

• грубый [ˈɡrubɨj] - [Adjective, Formal/Informal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday language for describing textures or behaviors, but not as frequent as basic adjectives like "big" or "small").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions, but the word itself is straightforward once basic grammar is learned).

Pronunciation (Russian):

грубый: [ˈɡrubɨj]

Note on грубый: The stress is on the first syllable. The "ы" sound ([ɨ]) can be challenging for English speakers, as it's similar to a tense "i" in "bit" but more centralized. Be careful with the hard "г" sound, which is guttural.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Rough or uneven in texture (e.g., physical surface)

Translation(s) & Context:

• грубый - Used in formal or informal contexts to describe something with a coarse or irregular surface, such as fabric or terrain.

Usage Examples:

• Эта ткань грубая на ощупь. (Eta tkán' grubáya na oshchúp'.)

  This fabric is rough to the touch. (Demonstrates basic descriptive use in a physical context.)

• Грубый песок царапает кожу. (Grubyy pésok tsarápaet kóju.)

  The rough sand scratches the skin. (Shows the word in a sentence with a direct object, highlighting texture in nature.)

• В горах часто встречаются грубые скалы. (V gorákh chásto vstréchayutsya grubýe skalý.)

  In the mountains, you often encounter rough rocks. (Illustrates plural use in a geographical context.)

• Грубый материал не подходит для деликатной одежды. (Grubyy matérial ne pódkhodit dlya delikátnoy odezhdy.)

  Rough material is not suitable for delicate clothing. (Emphasizes practical application in everyday decisions.)

Meaning 2: Harsh or rude in manner (e.g., behavior or speech)

Translation(s) & Context:

• грубый - Applied in informal contexts to describe abrupt or unkind behavior, often with a negative connotation.

Usage Examples:

• Его грубый тон обидел собеседника. (Yego grubyy ton obidél sobesédnika.)

  His harsh tone offended the interlocutor. (Shows the word describing speech in social interactions.)

• Грубый ответ не помог разрешить конфликт. (Grubyy otvét ne pomóg razrëshít konflíkt.)

  The rude response didn't help resolve the conflict. (Demonstrates use in conflict scenarios, with a verb phrase.)

• В этой культуре грубые манеры не приветствуются. (V etoy kultúre grubýe mánery ne privétstvuyutsya.)

  In this culture, harsh manners are not welcomed. (Highlights cultural or societal context.)

• Она избегала грубых людей на вечеринке. (Ona izbégala grubýkh lyudéy na vechérinke.)

  She avoided rude people at the party. (Illustrates plural form in a social setting.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Грубый" is an adjective in Russian, which means it undergoes declension based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard first-declension pattern for adjectives. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: жесткий (zhéstkiy) - More about rigidity; суровый (suróvyy) - Often implies severity in a moral sense.
• Antonyms: мягкий (myágkiy) - Soft in texture or manner; гладкий (gládkiy) - Smooth, especially for surfaces.

Related Phrases:

• Грубый язык (Grubyy yazýk) - Harsh language; a phrase used for rude or abrasive speech in arguments.
• Грубая поверхность (Grubaya poverkhnóst') - Rough surface; common in descriptions of materials or objects.
• Грубые манеры (Grubye mánery) - Rude manners; refers to uncivil behavior in social settings.

Usage Notes:

"Грубый" is a versatile adjective that directly corresponds to the English word "aspermous" if interpreted as "rough" or "asperous." However, in Russian, it can extend to metaphorical uses like harsh behavior, so context is key. It's neutral in register but can sound negative; use it formally in professional settings and informally in casual talk. When choosing between translations, opt for "грубый" for physical roughness and consider "суровый" for emotional harshness. Always decline it according to the noun it modifies to maintain grammatical agreement.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "грубый" without proper declension, e.g., saying "грубый книга" instead of "грубая книга" for a feminine noun like "книга" (book).

  Correct: Грубая книга (Grubaya kniga) - Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun, unlike English where adjectives remain unchanged.

• Error: Confusing it with "грустный" (grustnyy, meaning sad), leading to misuse in emotional contexts.

  Correct: Use "грубый" only for roughness, not sadness; for example, say "грубый человек" for a rude person, not for someone who is sad.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "грубый" often carry implications of directness or bluntness, which can be seen as straightforward in some contexts but rude in others. This reflects the value placed on honesty in communication, though it may contrast with more polite Anglo-Saxon norms. Historically, such terms appear in literature like Dostoevsky's works to depict raw, unfiltered human interactions.

Related Concepts:

• жесткий
• суровый
• гладкий