Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'abortive'

English Word: abortive

Key Russian Translations:

• неудачный [nʲɪˈudət͡ɕnɨj] - [Informal, General use]
• абортивный [ɐˈbortʲɪvnɨj] - [Formal, Medical or technical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language and specific fields like medicine, but not as frequent as basic adjectives)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for general translation; C1 for medical contexts, as it requires understanding of nuanced vocabulary and context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неудачный: [nʲɪˈudət͡ɕnɨj]

Note on неудачный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("u-dach-nyy"). Be mindful of the soft sign (ь) which affects the pronunciation of the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

абортивный: [ɐˈbortʲɪvnɨj]

Note on абортивный: The initial "a" is pronounced as a schwa sound, and the word has a formal tone often used in scientific discussions. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Failing to produce the intended result (general, non-medical)

Translation(s) & Context:

• неудачный - Used in everyday informal contexts to describe attempts or efforts that end without success, such as in business or daily life.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Его попытка начать бизнес была неудачной из-за нехватки средств. (Yego popytka nachat' biznes byla neudachnoy iz-za nekhatki sredstv.)

  English: His attempt to start a business was abortive due to a lack of funds.

• Русский: Неудачный эксперимент привел к потере времени. (Neudachnyy eksperiment privel k potere vremeni.)

  English: The abortive experiment resulted in a waste of time.

• Русский: Встреча закончилась неудачно, так как никто не пришел. (Vstrecha zakonchilas' neudachno, tak kak nikto ne prishel.)

  English: The meeting ended abortively since no one showed up.

• Русский: Неудачный выбор фильма разочаровал всю компанию. (Neudachnyy vybor fil'ma razocharoval vsyu kompaniyu.)

  English: The abortive choice of movie disappointed the whole group.

Meaning 2: Incomplete or prematurely terminated (e.g., in medical or biological contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• абортивный - Used in formal or technical settings, such as medicine, to describe processes that are cut short or ineffective, like an abortive seizure in neurology.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Абортивный приступ не требует госпитализации. (Abortivnyy pristup ne trebuet gospitalizatsii.)

  English: The abortive attack does not require hospitalization.

• Русский: В биологии абортивный процесс часто приводит к мутациям. (V biologii abortivnyy protsess chasto privodit k mutatsiyam.)

  English: In biology, an abortive process often leads to mutations.

• Русский: Этот абортивный цикл развития вируса был изучен учеными. (Etot abortivnyy tsikl razvitiya virusa byl izuchen uchenymi.)

  English: This abortive cycle of virus development was studied by scientists.

• Русский: Абортивная реакция иммунной системы предотвратила инфекцию. (Abortivnaya reaktsiya immunnoy sistemy predotvratila infektsiyu.)

  English: The abortive reaction of the immune system prevented the infection.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For неудачный (adjective): This is a standard Russian adjective that follows the typical adjectival declension patterns. It changes based on gender, number, and case.

For абортивный (adjective): Similar to неудачный, it follows regular adjectival inflections with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: бесплодный (besplodnyy) - Often used for futile efforts; неудачный (neudachnyy) - Similar but more common in casual speech.
• Antonyms: успешный (uspeshnyy) - Implies successful or effective outcomes.

Related Phrases:

• Неудачная попытка - An unsuccessful attempt; often used in narratives to describe failed endeavors.
• Абортивный процесс - An abortive process; common in scientific contexts to refer to incomplete biological events.
• Неудачный исход - An abortive outcome; used in formal discussions to indicate a negative result.

Usage Notes:

"Abortive" translates most directly to "неудачный" in everyday English-Russian contexts, but choose "абортивный" for medical or technical scenarios to maintain precision. Note the domain restrictions: "неудачный" is versatile and informal, while "абортивный" is formal and field-specific. Always consider the sentence structure in Russian, as adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. For learners, start with "неудачный" in basic conversations before advancing to specialized terms.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "абортивный" in non-medical contexts, e.g., saying "Абортивный план" for a failed plan, which sounds overly technical. Correct: Use "неудачный план". Explanation: "Абортивный" is reserved for scientific language to avoid confusion with abortion-related terms.
• Mistake: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., saying "Неудачный женщина" instead of "Неудачная женщина". Correct: "Неудачная женщина" (feminine form). Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, so always check agreement.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "неудачный" often carry a resigned or humorous tone in everyday speech, reflecting a cultural emphasis on resilience in the face of failure, as seen in Russian literature (e.g., in works by Chekhov). "Абортивный" in medical contexts may evoke sensitivities due to historical attitudes toward health and family in Russia, so use it judiciously in conversations.

Related Concepts:

• Успех (uspekh) - Success
• Провал (proval) - Failure
• Мутация (mutatsiya) - Mutation (especially relevant for medical translations)