Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'abide'

English Word: abide

Key Russian Translations:

• соблюдать [sɐˈblʲudətʲ] - [Formal, Often used in legal or rule contexts]
• терпеть [tʲɪrˈpʲetʲ] - [Neutral, Used for enduring or tolerating]
• придерживаться [prʲɪdʲɪrˈʐɨvətʲsə] - [Formal, Often used for adhering to rules or principles]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in formal and written contexts)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies by translation: "терпеть" is B1, "придерживаться" is B2)

Pronunciation (Russian):

соблюдать: [sɐˈblʲudətʲ]

Note on соблюдать: Stress on the second syllable; the "ю" sounds like "yu".

терпеть: [tʲɪrˈpʲetʲ]

Note on терпеть: Stress on the second syllable; soft "т" due to palatalization.

придерживаться: [prʲɪdʲɪrˈʐɨvətʲsə]

Note on придерживаться: Stress on the third syllable; long word with reflexive suffix "-ся".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To follow or obey (rules, laws, etc.)

Translation(s) & Context:

• соблюдать - Used in formal contexts, often for rules, laws, or agreements.
• придерживаться - Used for adhering to principles, plans, or guidelines.

Usage Examples:

• Мы должны соблюдать правила дорожного движения.

  We must abide by traffic rules.

• Он всегда придерживается своих обещаний.

  He always abides by his promises.

• Необходимо соблюдать сроки выполнения работы.

  It is necessary to abide by the deadlines for completing the work.

2. To tolerate or endure (something unpleasant)

Translation(s) & Context:

• терпеть - Used in neutral or informal contexts for enduring hardship or annoyance.

Usage Examples:

• Я не могу терпеть такое отношение.

  I can’t abide such treatment.

• Она терпела боль молча.

  She abided the pain in silence.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

соблюдать (verb, imperfective): Regular conjugation in present, past, and future tenses.

терпеть (verb, imperfective): Similar regular conjugation; often used with direct object in accusative case.

придерживаться (verb, imperfective, reflexive): Reflexive verb with "-ся"; used with genitive case for objects of adherence (e.g., правил - rules).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for "соблюдать":

• выполнять
• следовать

Note: "выполнять" emphasizes execution, while "следовать" is closer to "follow".

Antonyms for "соблюдать":

• нарушать
• игнорировать

Synonyms for "терпеть":

• выносить
• сносить

Related Phrases:

• соблюдать закон - To abide by the law.
• терпеть не могу - I can’t stand (lit. can’t abide); used for strong dislike.
• придерживаться плана - To abide by a plan or stick to a plan.

Usage Notes:

• "соблюдать" is the most direct translation for "abide by" in the sense of following rules or laws and is predominantly formal.
• "терпеть" is used when "abide" means to tolerate or endure something negative; it’s less formal and more emotional.
• "придерживаться" implies a conscious choice to stick to something (e.g., principles or guidelines) and often appears in written or formal speech.
• Be mindful of the grammatical case: "соблюдать" and "терпеть" take accusative objects, while "придерживаться" takes genitive.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using "терпеть" when meaning to follow rules. Incorrect: *Я терплю правила.* Correct: Я соблюдаю правила (I abide by the rules). "Терпеть" only works for enduring something unpleasant.

Error 2: Forgetting the reflexive "-ся" in "придерживаться". Incorrect: *Я придерживаю правил.* Correct: Я придерживаюсь правил (I abide by the rules).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "соблюдать" often carries a strong connotation of respect for authority or tradition, especially when related to laws or customs. Using it correctly can signal cultural awareness, particularly in formal settings like legal or business discussions.

Related Concepts:

• законопослушность (law-abiding nature)
• выносливость (endurance)
• принципиальность (adherence to principles)